This is Edition 2.1 of the MH-E Developers Guide, last updated 2016-01-17.
Copyright © 2000-2008, 2010-2014, 2016 Bill Wohler
The MH-E Developers Guide is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU General Public License.”
The MH-E Developers Guide is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
Next: Definitions, Previous: Top, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
So you want to be an MH-E developer. This document describes the steps you need to take to get there. First, it captures the philosophy of the development team. There is then a section for each feature in the SourceForge site, where MH-E development is hosted. Finally, the nuts and bolts of creating a release is described.
In other words, this is the single sheet of music that all the MH-E developers are playing.
And remember, this is your document. If you think something is bogus, start a movement on the mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list. One of the tenets of the philosophy is rough consensus. If you can get a rough consensus that agrees with your point of view, then the document shall be changed accordingly.
Next: Prerequisites, Previous: Introduction, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
A project admin is the one who can effect changes at the SourceForge site, accept news items, tickets, and so on. The project admin is currently Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>.
A developer is one who is given the right to check in changes into the Git repositories and be assigned tickets. Users who do not have Git access contribute by submitting patches in a ticket (see Tickets).
Next: Philosophy, Previous: Definitions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
There are a few minor prerequisites to get out of the way if you wish to contribute to the MH-E project. The first is to get an account at SourceForge, the second is to get an account at Savannah, the third is to get on the mh-e-devel mailing list, and the fourth is to get on the emacs-devel mailing list. The latter is optional for all except the project admin.
Developers should be familiar with the Emacs Lisp Manual as well as the Emacs Manual.
If you think that you want to become an MH-E developer, please contact the project admin1. Generally speaking, if you have contributed to the MH-E mailing lists and comp.mail.mh newsgroup over the years, you will be given Git privileges as soon as you have submitted your papers (see below). If you are new, the project admin may ask you to prove your mettle by contributing to the mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list and submitting patches. Do submit your paperwork anyway, since the legal process will most likely take longer than it takes for us to get to know you.
You will need to sign papers with the Free Software Foundation to gain access to the Git repositories at SourceForge and at Savannah. The repositories at Savannah contain the MH-E source code, images, and documentation. The repository at SourceForge contains everything else such as the web pages and files for unit testing and releasing.
First, please read Information For Maintainers of GNU Software. The section, Legal Matters, in particular will help you understand the following step.
As stated above, you must first submit a assignment of copyright to the Free Software Foundation to gain access to the Git repositories. It would be best if you could fill out the request-assign.future form included below. I’ve entered Emacs rather than MH-E as the name of the package since that is recommended for Emacs developers (since MH-E developers are Emacs developers). Note that your answers will be incorporated into a longer, official form that will be mailed to you. This you will have to sign and return to the Free Software Foundation.
If you have any questions or would like to know whether you are already listed in copyright.list, please send a note to the project admin2.
Please email the following information to assign@gnu.org, and we will send you the assignment form for your past and future changes. **PLEASE USE YOUR FULL NAME AS THE SUBJECT LINE OF THE MESSAGE.*** [What is the name of the program or package you're contributing to?] Emacs [Did you copy any files or text written by someone else in these changes? Even if that material is free software, we need to know about it.] [Do you have an employer who might have a basis to claim to own your changes? Do you attend a school which might make such a claim?] [For the copyright registration, what country are you a citizen of?] [What year were you born?] [Please write your email address here.] [Please write your snail address here.] [Which files have you changed so far, and which new files have you written so far?]
Once you have SourceForge and Savannah logins and the legal matters out of the way, you need to request MH-E and Emacs developer status. To gain MH-E developer status, send an email to the project admin3 with your SourceForge login. To gain Emacs developer status, go to the My Group Membership page, search for Emacs in the Request for Inclusion section, check the box next to Emacs, and mention that you’re a MH-E developer and that you’ve completed your papers in the comment box, and submit your request.
On a less serious note, there is a page with the pictures of the developers. Send the project admin4 a URL to your picture and a URL to your home page or whatever where you’d like folks to go if they clicked on your picture. Also send a fun "Job Title". Feel free to add your own picture (see Project Home Page).
Next: Coding Conventions, Previous: Prerequisites, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
This chapter discusses the philosophy and principles of the MH-E project. The first section covers our coding philosophy, while the second section summarizes the principles of the team that have evolved over time.
The core philosophies of the MH-E project regarding the code are as follows:
That last priority struggles mightily with the other priorities. For example, the user could write his own hooks for many features. However, the average user is not going to do so. Indeed, the customization buffer may be too intimidating and providing radio buttons and checkboxes in the menu may be the way to go in some cases.
In a less contentious way, making MH-E easier to use may mean better
integration with other software packages (such as tm or
goto-addr). Or pre-written hook functions could be provided. We
should get as much mileage out of customize as we can to reduce
the amount of code that users have to write.
See Version Numbers.
The guiding principles of the MH-E developers are:
Next: Git Repository, Previous: Philosophy, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
The Emacs Lisp Tips and Conventions and the Information for Emacs Developers must be followed5. In addition, please observe the conventions described in this chapter.
provides and filename in the
footer accordingly.
Because you have assigned all copyrights to the FSF, the Copyright must read:
;; Copyright (C) <year> Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Please read Copyright Notices in Information For Maintainers of GNU Software. In addition, Richard Stallman notes that it is no disaster to split the copyright onto multiple lines.
You must also reference the GPL correctly. Using an existing header will guarantee that this is done.
The manual must also follow these rules since it is packaged with GNU Emacs.
It is preferable, but not required, that files in the contrib
directory follow these rules to make it easier to incorporate them
into the src directory in the future.
Exceptions to these rules include support files in src that are not included in GNU Emacs. In this case, the author may list their name in the copyright and should replace GNU Emacs in the license with MH-E.
The other directories do not need to follow these rules. However, all files must carry the GPL so that others may modify them.
mh-require-cl to require
cl.
;;;###mh-autoloads whenever a function
is needed in another file. Remove autoload cookies from functions that
aren’t shared.
grep '^;;; ' *.el | egrep -v '(Commentary:|Change Log:|Code:)'
Leave a blank line before and after both the page feed and heading.
(code) ^L ;;; Heading (code)
eval-when-compile as it is unnecessary according to an
email from
Richard Stallman.
;; Shush compiler. (defvar mh-identity-pgg-default-user-id) (defvar mm-verify-function-alist) ; < Emacs 22 (mh-do-in-xemacs (defvar pressed-details)) (defvar which-func-mode) ; < Emacs 22, XEmacs
defvar. When it is
necessary to add a value to this defvar, add a comment to the
actual definition that says to update the forward definition
accordingly if the default value changes. Note that customization
variables must not have a forward definition, or the user’s
customization will be clobbered.
Foo...done messages should not end in a period, but
they aren’t explicit about messages in general. Given what the
conventions do say, and because most of our messages don’t end
with a period, let’s just say that messages in general don’t end in a
period, just like error messages.
yes-or-no-p or
y-or-n-p prompts, but not in other prompts that use
completing-read and offer defaults. In these cases, use colons
at the end of the prompt instead. The prompt, including the default
with proper white space, should look like this: Prompt (default: default): >. The “>” character is the cursor.
help-mode find the hyperlink.
checkdoc
insists that flag variables begin, ‘Non-nil means...’. Use
headline capitalization for option values. Use “Auto-detect” text
when option has that capability.
defcustom and
defface whose docstring can be seen in non-MH-E contexts. Since
docstrings for MH-E functions are most likely viewed with C-h k,
the map does not have to be cited for functions in the same keymap.
make compile in
src/emacs/lisp) and with make in src with the
previous version of Emacs as well as XEmacs. This step is automated in
test-mh-e.
for i in *.el; do
package=`basename $i .el`
emacs -q --eval '(setq load-path (cons "." load-path))' \
-l mh-autoloads.el \
--eval "(progn (require '$package) (switch-to-buffer \"*Messages*\"))"
done
lm-verify within the lisp file you are editing to ensure that
all of the fields described in
Conventional Headers for Emacs Libraries
are present. The checkdoc function must be run before check-ins
as well. All errors must be fixed. These tests are automated in
mh-unit.
Next: Hints for Developers, Previous: Coding Conventions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
The version control system used by MH-E and Emacs is Git. The book Conversational Git provides a gentle introduction. This can be followed up by the Git book, Pro Git, for all of the gory details. The GitForEmacsDevs wiki page describes how the Emacs project uses Git.
The Git Repository at SourceForge provides git clone URLs and a view to the source code itself. You can check out the repository with this:
git clone ssh://$USER@git.code.sf.net/p/mh-e/git mh-e
If you haven’t already done so, tell Git who you are.
git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user.email "$USER@your.host"
There are several subdirectories or modules:
The contrib module contains generally useful software that does
not belong in the main codebase. Each file should contain a feature, as
well appropriate set-key and autoload or add-hook
statements to allow users to incorporate these features with a minimum
of configuration. Any customization must occur via the customize
package.
The doc module contains the MH-E manual that is incorporated into Emacs and pushed to the online site at SourceForge.
The htdocs module contains the home page of the MH-E project at SourceForge, this document, and other internal documents that are not part of the MH-E distribution.
The src module contains files that are used to build and maintain MH-E as well as other files that are placed in MH-E releases. The Emacs Lisp source and images for MH-E are obtained separately from the Emacs repository.
| • Emacs Git Repository | ||
| • Checkins | ||
| • ChangeLogs | ||
| • Log Messages |
Next: Checkins, Previous: Git Repository, Up: Git Repository [Contents][Index]
After checking out MH-E from SourceForge, you’ll have a src directory that is lacking .el files and images. These are stored in the Emacs repository at Savannah. You have several means of getting these files:
This will make a clone of the Emacs repository that you can use to push back upstream. This target assumes that your current login is the same that you have on Savannah. If your login differs, override the USER variable as follows:
USER=user make emacs-devel
This will make a clone of the Emacs repository, but you will not be
able to push changes back upstream. This target does not require that
you have a login on Savannah. This target is used if you just run
make.
If you already have Git Emacs, link src/emacs to it. This makes it easier to check your changes against multiple versions of Emacs6. Assuming Emacs and MH-E are at the same level:
cd src ln -s ../../emacs/
We may have created an mh-e branch so that we can continue developing in the rare case that there is a freeze in the Emacs master branch. To obtain this branch, use:
cd src/emacs git checkout mh-e
Next: ChangeLogs, Previous: Emacs Git Repository, Up: Git Repository [Contents][Index]
The process for checking in files is simple as we try to keep things as frictionless as possible:
When the file is checked in, a report is generated and mailed to mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net. Developers are encouraged to review the attached diff for correctness, and to become familiar with more of the MH-E code.
At the moment, this report is not generated. Until it is, please
consider sending a quick diff before or after your check-in to
mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net manually. The diff can be
generated with git diff before the fact or git show
after the fact. I’d suggest a simple Subject such as:
Subject: git: SF #NNNNN: Description
One should consider backing out or correcting a patch if only one person complains and their complaint rings true. But the hard and fast rule is that if 1/3 of the developers (rounding up) protest the check-in, then the update needs to be remedied to the developers’ satisfaction or backed out. Otherwise, it is assumed that the consensus thinks that the patch is a good thing.
If developers are unsure about a particular update, they are encouraged to post a patch for review before checking in the file.
Next: Log Messages, Previous: Checkins, Up: Git Repository [Contents][Index]
Emacs no longer requires a ChangeLog file; however, they are
still useful for drafting commit messages. In MH-E, touch a ChangeLog
file in the top level of the MH-E development environment or the Emacs
source code so that C-x 4 a
(add-change-log-entry-other-window) will insert appropriate
text with relative paths for you (even from a diff!). This file has
been added to .gitignore, which will prevent it from being
checked in with git commit -a.
Here are example ChangeLog entries:
2006-07-03 Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com> Release MH-E version 8.0.2. * src/README: Update for release 8.0.2. 2006-06-15 Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com> * lisp/mh-e/mh-search.el (mh-index-new-folder): Use -2 suffix instead of <2> suffix for folder names, as <> are illegal filename characters on Windows (SF#1507002).
The first bullet shows the text that should be used when making a release.
As usual, the string in parenthesis indicates the documentation section, Makefile variable or target, or program function or variable.
Multiple targets with the same text may appear in the same entry.
For consistency, phrase the issue number as follows (see Updating MH-E-NEWS):
(SF#621632).
or
(Bug#621632)
or
(Debian#234234).
The Emacs manual has full documentation on the ChangeLog commands.
For more information regarding the style of the ChangeLog entries, please see the GNU Coding Standards and the Information for Emacs Developers.
Previous: ChangeLogs, Up: Git Repository [Contents][Index]
The conventions for checking files into the Emacs repository are as follows:
It is not necessary to add release information since that information will be encoded in the tags.
At worst, setting the log information will be a cut and paste operation. At best, it will be a keystroke or two.
Next: Mailing Lists, Previous: Git Repository, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
If you’re editing, for example, mh-e/src/emacs/lisp/mh-e/mh-e.el, and wish to compile MH-E from within Emacs with mh-e/src/Makefile, use:
M-x compile RET (cd ../../../..; make) RET
Next: Tickets, Previous: Hints for Developers, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
The MH-E project supports three mailing lists: mh-e-users@lists.sourceforge.net, mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, and mh-e-announce@lists.sourceforge.net. None of the lists are included in any other, so MH-E developers should subscribe to all of them.
mh-e-users@lists.sourceforge.net is for general discussion between users and developers. Developers discussing ways to implement bug fixes or features should probably keep the discussion on mh-e-users@lists.sourceforge.net to stimulate feedback from the user community.
mh-e-devel@lists.sourceforge.net is used by MH-E developers to announce Git check-ins and discuss SourceForge issues that would not be of interest to mh-e-users@lists.sourceforge.net subscribers.
mh-e-announce@lists.sourceforge.net is used to announce new releases of MH-E. Other news items pertinent to MH-E may be posted there as well.
Next: Releases, Previous: Mailing Lists, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Bug reports, feature requests, and patches, as well as discussions about bugs or new features are all collected in Tickets.
Developers should follow the bug-gnu-emacs mailing lists/newsgroup and move issues into Tickets if it has not been done already. Similarly, MH-E issues reported in other systems should be transferred to SourceForge. The issue may be cut and pasted into a new ticket, or a URL to the source of the original ticket may be all that appears in the ticket.
Legally speaking, patches that are less than 15 lines can usually be incorporated, although it is always best to try to incorporate them in a “clean room” environment. Do read Legally Significant Changes for the details.
Tickets can also be used to get the ball rolling among developers. They are used to register what we feel we should work on. For example, a developer may have questions about the way MH-E handles MIME that we should discuss before we attempt to fix it: What do other people do? How should we attack this? That developer opens a ticket with a mime label and a discussion ensues.
A brief life cycle of a ticket proceeds something like this. A ticket is entered. Depending on the nature of the ticket, developers comment on the feature request or patch’s usefulness and integrity, or try to reproduce the reported bug. A developer changes the status from unread to open, adds any labels as necessary, and updates the priority as appropriate. See Status for other ways to disposition the ticket.
Next, if you see an open ticket that you think you could handle, assign the ticket to yourself. The project admin (wohler) reserves the right to assign tickets to others.
If you fix a ticket, set the status to closed-fixed and set the milestone to the next release. Please also assign the ticket to yourself if you have not done so already, so you get credit in the reports. If a documentation change is required, add a documentation label, leave the status open, and assign the ticket to the documentation czar (wohler). See Releases for a motivation of why this process is useful.
Also, please include the output of git log -1 commit for
all related commits into the the issue tracker comment section when
resolving issues.
The rest of the chapter describes the statuses and labels that have been set up for the MH-E project.
| • Status | ||
| • Labels | ||
| • Milestone |
The Status field controls the workflow of the ticket. Put simply, the MH-E workflow is:
unread --> open --> closed-*
When tickets are initially created, they are marked unread.
The open status means that a developer was able to reproduce the problem, or felt that a feature request or patch has merit. Developers should add a comment describing their findings.
When all aspects of a ticket have been fixed, including code and documentation, the ticket is marked closed-fixed.
The closed-invalid status is used to indicate that the code is working as advertised. In other words, this is not an issue. Adding a note to clear up the confusion for the user is desirable when closing. Contrast with closed-works-for-me.
The closed-works-for-me group is used to indicate a ticket that cannot be reproduced and therefore cannot be fixed. Contrast with closed-invalid.
The closed-wont-fix status means that a developer acknowledges that the issue exists but is not going to fix it. There is probably a good reason for it. The closed-invalid or closed-works-for-me states are preferred.
The closed-duplicate status means that this ticket is a duplicate of another. Be sure to add a note which mentions the ticket number that this ticket is a duplicate of. If this ticket has some good information in it, add a back reference to the duplicate ticket.
Labels can be created on the fly. Several labels are in general use by the MH-E project. They include contrib, documentation, mime, patch, security, support, and ui.
The contrib label is used for all tickets in the contributed software.
The documentation label is used for tickets in the documentation arena. In addition, if there are any code changes made as a result of a ticket that require changes to the manual, the documentation label should be added. Don’t close a ticket that carries a documentation label; instead, after the issue has been fixed or implemented, assign the ticket to the documentation czar (wohler). The documentation czar will close the ticket when the manual has been updated.
The mime label is used for tickets that pertain to MIME.
The patch label is added to tickets that include patches.
The security label is used for tickets in the security arena. At present, MH-E does not include any security code, so this label might be used for PGP interaction.
The support label is added to tickets that contain questions. Developers are encouraged to field any questions that they can answer. After answering a question, set the status to closed-fixed.
Using a search query of labels:support creates a MH-E FAQ.
The ui label is used for tickets that describe items the user sees such as font-lock, key definitions, menus, and customization.
The Milestone field contains the name of the target release for the ticket. Initially, a ticket is Unassigned. The milestone is updated if you resolve a ticket or the ticket is assigned to a future release. See Release Schedule for additional details on how this field is used.
This section contains information about how the MH-E project releases software. In additional to making tarballs available, the software and documentation must be incorporated into Emacs and the online documentation must be updated.
Next: Coordinating with Emacs Releases, Previous: Releases, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
One of the goals of the release process is to keep iterations short so that the timeliness and quality of releases is increased from the user’s point of view. For the developer’s sanity, it should be clear when we’re done by limiting the scope of the release and avoiding the addition of new features late in the cycle.
Here’s a suggestion for an iteration cycle when development is moving quickly.
A new milestone is created (see Version Numbers). Each developer goes through the tickets and chooses a month’s worth of work for him to do. For each selected item, he sets the milestone to the new milestone and assigns the task to himself.
The first month should be full of fervent activity. Development should slow down in the second month while the new features are fine-tuned. The third month is devoted to the release itself (see table below). This process should result in quarterly releases.
It is acceptable and often desirable to shorten each step in this cycle in order to keep the number of items in the release notes below 7 +/- 2, but in order to keep the releases fresh, it’s probably not a good idea to lengthen the process.
If a new ticket arises that a developer wants to work on, the developer sets the milestone of that ticket and resets the milestone of one of his other tickets back to Unassigned. This keeps the release from growing without bound.
The following table shows a formal schedule for a release. This is used in major releases or when it seems necessary. Many releases are of the “release early, release often” variety. When development is proceeding slowly, releases might occur after a ticket has been resolved without going through freezes and beta releases.
If the circumstances warrant, post the milestones (not to be confused with the ticket’s milestone) leading up to that release as a news item (see News).
Time Milestone Description T-3 months Development T-2 months Refinement New features are fine-tuned. T-4 weeks Soft Freeze All P7 and higher features must be committed. P6 features should be committed. Any other new features destined for the release must be committed no later than this time. However, note that it is advisable not to release new user-visible features this late in the game. It is better to add new features at the beginning of a release cycle to allow for suitable usability testing. Testing commences. T-3 weeks Hard Freeze All P7 and higher tickets must be resolved. P6 tickets should be resolved. Testing continues. T-2 weeks Beta 1 Cut beta release. Upload to SourceForge. T-1 weeks Beta 2 Cut beta release. Upload to SourceForge. T-0 weeks Release! Cut release. Upload to SourceForge.
Next: Version Numbers, Previous: Release Schedule, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
The MH-E software in Emacs can get out of sync with the last MH-E release. For example, let’s say MH-E 8.3 gets released. Later, Emacs developers make some changes to MH-E. The MH-E version in Emacs is still labeled as 8.3, but it doesn’t contain the same software as in the released version of MH-E. Therefore, it is a good idea to make a MH-E release at regular intervals to synchronize the latest MH-E release with Git Emacs.
Experience has shown that releasing near or in an Emacs freeze is not a good idea since changes will surely happen before the Emacs release. To guarantee that the releases are coordinated, perform all of the steps up to and including Merging mh-e Branch. Then, after Emacs is released, continue the MH-E release.
Next: Release Prerequisites, Previous: Coordinating with Emacs Releases, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Normal releases that include resolved tickets are minor releases. For minor releases, incompatible changes may not be made.
In some cases, there is a bug that needs to be fixed and released quickly and requires no change in MH-E-NEWS. In these cases, a patch release that includes only that fix is used.
Major releases signal to the user that the new version may not work as it did before and that reading of the release notes is mandatory. Major releases occur when incompatible changes are made that are visible to the user. Types of changes include changing the name of or deleting functions, key bindings, and customization variables. The converse is true; these sorts of changes should not be applied to minor releases.
By itself, merely adding a new feature does not justify a major release. On the other hand, a major release is called for if the code is completely rewritten, even if the user cannot notice any difference.
Beta releases bump the patch or minor number of the previous version to 90 for a planned minor or major release respectively.
For example, if 5.0 or 5.0.2 was the last release of MH-E and 5.1 is planned as the next release, then the beta is numbered 5.0.90. Subsequent betas would be numbered 5.0.91, 5.0.92 and so on. If, instead, 6.0 is planned as the next release, then the beta is numbered 5.90 and subsequent betas would be numbered 5.91, 5.92 and so on.
Alpha releases bump the patch or minor number to 80.
Next: Updating MH-E-NEWS, Previous: Version Numbers, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
The first thing to do is to update the local SourceForge repository:
cd src git pull --ff-only
If the pull fails due to local commits, use:
git rebase --preserve-merges
The next thing to do is to merge the master branch into the mh-e branch (if is being used).
cd src/emacs git checkout master git pull --ff-only
If the pull fails due to local commits, use:
git rebase --preserve-merges
Complete the merge with:
git checkout mh-e git merge
Next, recompile:
cd src/emacs make cd lisp make autoloads
Then check the code for coding convention compliance as described in Coding Conventions. Some of this is automated by running test-mh-e and checking for compilation errors and warnings. You will be prompted to run M-x mh-unit in the most recent version of Emacs.
Next, go to Tickets and search for all tickets for the current milestone whose status is open, and labels is documentation. For example:
milestone:mh-e-8.5 AND labels:documentation AND status:open
If these searches reveal any undocumented features, document them, close the ticket, and reassign the ticket to the author before proceeding.
Next: Updating NEWS, Previous: Release Prerequisites, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
When the src module is released (see Git Repository), the file src/emacs/etc/MH-E-NEWS needs to be updated. Separate the old news with the new with a C-l (unless both the new and old news are only a paragraph long).
Create a top-level item such as Changes in MH-E 8.6. Add an
introductory paragraph that briefly describes the benefit of the
release or otherwise entices the reader to read further.
Follow the existing format for documenting user-visible changes only
including New Features, New Variables, and Bug Fixes. List SourceForge
issues as (SF#123456), as well as third-party issues such as
(Bug#123456, Debian#123456).
In order to find what is appropriate for MH-E-NEWS, several things can be done.
release-utils --variable-changes previous-tag to
produce a list of new and deleted variables suitable for inclusion in
MH-E-NEWS.
git log previous-tag^..HEAD
Search for SF# in the log to get a list of SF numbers.
The previous steps usually catch most items. To use a finer sieve, use the following command:
git diff previous-tag^
See Committing Release Files before checking in this file.
Next: Updating README, Previous: Updating MH-E-NEWS, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Update etc/NEWS by adding text similar to the following:
* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 24.4 ** MH-E has been updated to version 8.5 - see separate MH-E-NEWS file.
It’s possible that the update occurs before Emacs had been released with a previous version of MH-E; in this case, simply bump the version number in the text above rather than add an entire new stanza.
See Committing Release Files before checking in this file.
Next: Updating mh-e.el, Previous: Updating NEWS, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Ensure that the target Emacs version is correct, as well as the supported Emacs versions.
Update the version number in various places in the INSTALL section.
If the manual was updated and will be released as well, update its README similarly.
See Committing Release Files before checking in this file.
Next: Committing Release Files, Previous: Updating README, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Update the variable mh-version and the version in the
Version header field in src/emacs/lisp/mh-e/mh-e.el.
See Committing Release Files before checking in this file.
Next: Merging mh-e Branch, Previous: Updating mh-e.el, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
When releasing MH-E, use the following commit messages when checking in README, src/emacs/etc/MH-E-NEWS and src/emacs/etc/NEWS, and src/emacs/lisp/mh-e/mh-e.el (see Updating MH-E-NEWS, Updating NEWS, Updating README, and Updating mh-e.el):
Release MH-E version 6.0. * README: Update for release 6.0.
Release MH-E version 6.0. * NEWS, MH-E-NEWS: Update for MH-E release 6.0. * mh-e.el (Version, mh-version): Update for release 6.0.
If the doc module is being released as well, two additional commit messages are needed. Here are sample entries for them.
Release MH-E manual version 8.0.1. * README: Update for release 8.0.1.
Release MH-E manual version 8.0.1. * mh-e.texi (VERSION, EDITION, UPDATED, UPDATE-MONTH): Update for release 8.0.1.
Next: Tagging Releases, Previous: Committing Release Files, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Before tagging the release, ensure that all changes made in any feature branches, such as the mh-e branch if it is being used (see Emacs Git Repository), have been merged into master.
cd src/emacs git checkout mh-e git pull --ff-only
If the pull fails due to local commits, use:
git rebase --preserve-merges
Continue with:
git checkout master git pull --ff-only
If the pull fails due to local commits, use:
git rebase --preserve-merges
Complete the merge with:
git merge mh-e
Next: Creating Tarballs, Previous: Merging mh-e Branch, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
It is critical that a snapshot of the software is created each time the software is released. In Git, this is performed with tags.
Tag names should have the form identifier-M.N.P where M is the major number, N is the minor number, and P is the patch number. The P portion is optional.
Since the modules will most likely have different release schedules, each module will have different identifiers and version numbers in the tags. The identifiers used include:
Module Identifier src mh-e doc mh-e-doc contrib mh-e-contrib
Here is an example that shows recent releases of each module. For the
src and doc modules, we want to tag both the SourceForge
repository as well as the repository at Savannah. To ensure that this
is done correctly, make is used. However, for the
contrib module, we do these things manually.
make TAG=mh-e-8.0 tag
make TAG=mh-e-doc-8.0 tag
git tag -a -m"Release MH-E contrib version 1.0" mh-e-contrib-1.0 git push --tags
Next: Creating SourceForge Releases, Previous: Tagging Releases, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
The modules in the Git Repository map to the distribution tarballs as follows:
Module Tarball src mh-e-M.N.tgz doc mh-e-doc-M.N.tgz contrib mh-e-contrib-M.N.tgz
The tarballs listed in the table above are built by running make
dist in each module. For example:
make TAG=mh-e-5.2 dist
The dist target ensures that the given tag exists, and that
there aren’t any uncommitted changes in the workspace. It then ensures
that the tarball is named correctly and that tar extracts the archive
into a subdirectory that has the same name as the tarball’s prefix.
For example, if release was mh-e-5.2, then the tarball would be
named mh-e-5.2.tgz and would extract into the directory named
mh-e-5.2.
Next: Announce the Release, Previous: Creating Tarballs, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Since the most recent download is featured on the project page, it is important when releasing other modules along with src, to create the src release last.
First, create the tarball (see Creating Tarballs), and place it in
a temporary directory such as /tmp/mh-e.
Next, create the release notes. This is done by copying the
README into the temporary directory and then inserting the
appropriate release notes to it.
For the src module, use the appropriate section of the src/emacs/etc/MH-E-NEWS file for the release notes.
For the doc and contrib modules, first write a paragraph
that summarizes the release, putting the most important things in the
first sentence. Then, append the associated git log entries for
the release notes. In the case of the doc module, merge the
entries for doc and mh-e.texi.
Insert the release notes between the COPYRIGHT and INTRODUCTION sections of the README. Add a form feed (^L) between the release notes and the INTRODUCTION. Use the previous release as an example.
Then select the appropriate folder in the
MH-E Files page
for your release, press the Add Folder button, and enter your release
(for example, 8.5). Click on the new folder named 8.5. Now press on
the Add File button and add the tarball and README files (you
can multiple select the files in the open file dialog) from your
temporary directory.
For additional information, see the Release Files for Download (FRS) documentation.
If there were any beta releases leading up to this release, move them into the appropriate sub-directory of the OldFiles folder so that they won’t be visible to users. This is shown in the following example:
ssh -t $USER,mh-e@shell.sourceforge.net create ln -s /home/frs/project/m/mh/mh-e mh-e.files mv mh-e.files/MH-E/8.2.90 mh-e.files/OldFiles/mh-e
The link only has to be made once; the .files suffix is used since you may want to make a .web link to /home/project-web/mh-e as well. For additional information about the SourceForge shell, including instructions on uploading your SSH key, see the Interactive Shell Service documentation.
Next: Updating the Debian Package, Previous: Creating SourceForge Releases, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Now that the release is ready for download, announce it as described in News.
Next: Updating the XEmacs Package, Previous: Announce the Release, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
This task is the duty of Peter Galbraith <psg@debian.org>. The steps are listed here since it may be useful to others to make an unofficial package of the Git tree.
To build a Debian package, you’ll need to have installed the Debian
package build-essential as well as those listed in the
Build-Depends-Indep: line of the file debian/control.
Currently, there are the packages debhelper and texinfo.
The package fakeroot is also used below and dpkg-dev-el
is also useful.
apt-get install build-essential fakeroot debhelper texinfo dpkg-dev-el
Run the following commands from the top of the Git tree to clean up the tree of backup files and make a source tar file:
rm `find . -name "*~"` debian/rules source
This will make a new file such as mh-e_7.0.orig.tar.gz. Unpack
it in a working directory and step into its top directory. Edit the
first line of the file debian/changelog to change the version
number between parentheses to something appropriate (e.g.
7.0.+git-0), or add another entry to the changelog and edit the
version number. If you installed the package dpkg-dev-el above,
simply do C-c C-v to insert this block and C-c C-f to
finalize the entry when done editing the version number.
You can then create a Debian package by running:
fakeroot debian/rules binary
This creates ../mh-e_7.0.+git-0_all.deb which can be installed using standard Debian package management:
dpkg -i ../mh-e_7.0.+git-0_all.deb
Next: Updating the Online Documentation, Previous: Updating the Debian Package, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
This task is the duty of Mike Kupfer <m.kupfer@acm.org>. The steps are listed here since it may be useful to others to make an unofficial package of the Git tree.
The rest of this section needs to be completed.
Next: Updating the Free Software Directory, Previous: Updating the XEmacs Package, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
This task is the duty of Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>. Other developers may skip this section.
To install an updated version of the manual online at SourceForge, first ensure that you don’t have any local modifications in doc. Then run the following commands:
$ cd doc $ make update-web-site
If it’s necessary, update the web pages that refer to the documentation. See Project Home Page. However, the links within http://mh-e.sourceforge.net/manual/ will change rarely, if ever.
Next: After the Release, Previous: Updating the Online Documentation, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
Update the MH-E wiki page in the FSF Free Software Directory. See Free Software Directory.
Previous: Updating the Free Software Directory, Up: Releases [Contents][Index]
After the release is complete, add the string +git to the
version number. See Updating mh-e.el.
Then run git push to update upstream.
Edit the milestones and press the Edit button next to the current release. Change the status to Closed and press the Save button.
Next: Project Home Page, Previous: Releases, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Announcements about new releases are submitted at SourceForge and to mh-e-announce@lists.sourceforge.net.
In all cases, use the following template for the subject:
MH-E m.n.p released MH-E contributed software m.n.p released MH-E manual m.n.p released
The easiest thing to do is emulate the look and feel of previous news postings. The postings should be written using the following guidelines.
Include the release notes from src/emacs/etc/MH-E-NEWS into a
scratch buffer. To avoid ugly wrapping, make every paragraph one line
by setting the fill column to some very large number, and running
fill-region.
The contrib and doc releases, which do not have release notes, should
replace the MH-E-NEWS excerpt with the output of git log
created earlier. See Creating SourceForge Releases.
Once your news posting is written and formatted, submit it.
The announcement that is sent to the mh-e-announce@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list should begin with the text:
Project home page at: http://mh-e.sourceforge.net/.
followed by the release notes.
However, the announcement for contrib and doc releases, which lack
release notes, should replace the MH-E-NEWS excerpt with the
output of git log created earlier. See Creating SourceForge Releases.
Next: Free Software Directory, Previous: News, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
The MH-E home page contains a brief overview of the MH-E project. This web space also includes other internal documents, such as this one.
To update these documents, check out the htdocs module (see Git Repository). The home page is the file index.php, while this document is in doc/devguide.texi. Make your changes and check them in.
To install your updates into the MH-E web space at SourceForge, first ensure that you don’t have any local modifications in htdocs. Then run the following commands:
$ cd htdocs $ make update-web-site
Next: Miscellaneous Topics, Previous: Project Home Page, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
The FSF Free Software Directory contains a description of all of the free software, including MH-E. It is the responsibility of the project admin7 to keep the entry for MH-E up to date. It must be updated when there is a release of MH-E, or when a significant new feature has been added which should be advertised.
This entry is the master for the short and long descriptions of MH-E in various places including the SourceForge page, the MH-E home page, the Debian package, and the XEmacs package. These items should be updated each time the master entry is modified.
To update the entry, edit open the MH-E wiki page for editing and make any desired changes. For new releases, this includes the Version identifier, Version date, and Version download fields. Next, update the Last review date and Submitted date fields. If the documentation has been updated, update the Documentation note accordingly.
Finally, if any changes were made to the short or long descriptions, it is likely that the following will have to be updated: the SourceForge MH-E project description (see Editing the SourceForge Project Description), the top-level index.php file in the Project Home Page, the control file in the Debian package (see Updating the Debian Package), and the XEmacs package (see Updating the XEmacs Package).
Next: GPL, Previous: Free Software Directory, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
This section contains a few additional items from the SourceForge project page that have been activated.
| • Backups | ||
| • Wiki |
Next: Wiki, Previous: Miscellaneous Topics, Up: Miscellaneous Topics [Contents][Index]
This task is the duty of Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>. Other developers may skip this section.
The SourceForge tools (tickets, news, and wiki) can be exported in the Project Export page. Check the Check All checkbox and press the Export button. You’ll soon receive an email with an scp command to use to download a zip file of the exported data.
Previous: Backups, Up: Miscellaneous Topics [Contents][Index]
Had the wiki feature been available earlier, it’s possible that this document and other pages on the MH-E home page would be found there. Please feel free to start adding pages and allow our wiki to grow organically. The permissions have been opened up so that any SourceForge user can create and edit pages.
Next: Index, Previous: Miscellaneous Topics, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. https://fsf.org/ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’ and authors’ sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users’ freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.
The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’s users, your or third parties’ legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.
A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does. Copyright (C) year name of author This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
program Copyright (C) year name of author This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.
The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html.
| Jump to: | A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W X |
|---|
| Jump to: | A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W X |
|---|
Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
This project condones ignoring the misguided exception to using English sentences in the summary sentence in a commit message as well as the archaic two space following a period rule, so please exercise your own discretion in these cases.
You may need to take some steps to ensure that your
load-path is correct in each context. For example, one way to
do this is to add the following code to your .emacs:
(if (not (file-exists-p "/usr/local/src/mh-e/src/emacs/lisp/mh-e/IGNORE"))
(add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/src/mh-e/src/emacs/lisp/mh-e"))
Then, to avoid using this particular version of MH-E, touch the file /usr/local/src/mh-e/src/emacs/lisp/mh-e/IGNORE.
Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>